A prosthetic limb helps a person who has lost their leg due to an injury, medical condition, or disease and serves as a replacement for the missing limb. Below-knee prosthetic legs benefit people who have undergone lower leg amputations and still have their knee joints intact. Many types of prosthetic legs below the knee have been created with different designs for different purposes. Basic prosthetics are made from affordable materials and lack advanced features. 

Exoskeletal legs are strong and durable, while endoskeletal legs provide a more natural look and flexibility. Active users can use dynamic response legs to assist their movements, while microprocessor or advanced technology legs help incorporate technology into ease of use. Foldable and water-resistant designs make these prosthetic legs suitable for different environments and activities.

7 Types of Below-the-Knee Prosthetic Legs

Following are some of the types of prosthetic legs:

1. Conventional Prosthetic Legs

Traditional prosthetic legs are the most fundamental form of below-knee prosthesis. They consist of a plain socket, pylon (supporting rod), and foot. They are robust and cost-effective, thus making them a popular option for most users.

Features

  • Constructed from lightweight materials such as plastic and metal.
  • It is a plain structure with few moving parts.
  • Has basic mobility.
  • Ideal for everyday use.
  • Cost-effective compared to advanced alternatives.

2. Endoskeletal Prosthetic Legs

Endoskeletal prosthetic legs possess an internal support framework with a cosmetic outer covering. These prosthetics are made to appear more natural and provide adequate mobility and comfort.

Features

  • Light in weight and flexible.
  • It can be made to look more natural.
  • Easier to fit and alter.
  • Ideal for individuals who desire a realistic appearance.

3. Exoskeletal Prosthetic Legs

Exoskeletal prosthetic legs are composed of a strong, long-lasting, rigid outer casing but are not commonly used today. They lack the internal frame that endoskeletal prosthetics possess. Instead, the main structure is the rigid outer casing.

Features

  • It is very hard and long-lasting.
  • More damage- and wear-resistant.
  • Appropriate for those with heavy-duty requirements.
  • It is less customizable in look.

4. Dynamic Response Prosthetic Legs

Dynamic response prosthetic legs, or specialized energy-storing feet, are created to help energetic people move easily. They store energy when each foot is on the ground and discharge energy when each foot is off the ground, making walking and running simpler.

Features

  • It allows for more natural movement.
  • Improves walking efficiency.
  • It reduces stress on the other leg.
  • It is perfect for very energetic people, like committed sportspeople.

5. Microprocessor-Controlled Prosthetic Legs

Microprocessor-controlled prosthetic legs use diverse forms of advanced technology to improve mobility and stability. Microprocessor-controlled legs have sensors that detect movement and adjust in real-time, enhancing balance and walking efficiency.

Features

  • Equipped with advanced sensors that respond to immediate changes in movement.
  • It makes you steadier if the ground isn’t flat.
  • There is less stress on the joints.
  • Ideal for active individuals who need precise movement control.
  • It’s rather pricey but quite efficient.

6. Waterproof Prosthetic Legs

Waterproof prosthetic legs are constructed from materials that are not susceptible to corrosion. They are intended for people who apply their prostheses in aquatic environments, such as pools, showers, or the shore.

Features

  • Constructed using waterproof materials.
  • It may be applied in wet conditions.
  • Strong and resistant to rust.
  • It is best suited for swimmers and water sports participants.

7. Adjustable Prosthetic Legs

Adjustable prosthetic legs enable the user to change how the socket fits around their limb as needed. This is beneficial for children or those with fluctuating physical conditions.

Features

  • Adjustable fit.
  • It is a good option for children and people with fluid retention.
  • It provides additional support and comfort.
  • It helps prevent discomfort resulting from poor fitting.

Components of Below-the-Knee Prosthesis

  • Socket: The prosthetic component is placed over the residual limb (stump). It connects the body and the prosthetic device, transmitting weight and offering comfort. An ill-fitting socket can cause discomfort and limit prosthetic function.
  • Suspension System: This system helps to keep the prosthesis firmly in place on the residual limb. Some methods are suction, vacuum systems, locking pins, and belts. The selection is based on personal choice and the type of residual limb.
  • Pylon (Shank): The pylon is the structural component, bridging the socket to the prosthetic foot. It is generally constructed from light materials such as carbon fiber or titanium to give strength without adding too much weight.
  • Prosthetic Foot: This part mimics the action of a natural foot, enabling walking, running, and balancing. Prosthetic feet are available in different designs, each suited for varying activity levels and functional demands.

Considerations for Selecting a Prosthetic Leg

When choosing a below-knee prosthetic leg, the following are some points to consider:

  • Activity Level: Reflect on your daily activities. If you spend much time walking, running, or playing sports, choose a prosthesis suitable for those activities. Active users could use a higher-end design.
  • Lifestyle Requirements: Consider your individual needs. Do you have a physically active job or participate in outdoor recreational activities? Your lifestyle may significantly impact the type of prosthetic that will work best for you.
  • Residual Limb Condition: Examine the health and contours of your residual limb. A prosthetist will consider this to develop a socket design that will give you suitable support. Proper fit is essential for function and comfort.
  • Budget: Prosthetic legs with advanced features cost more. It’s important to consider your insurance benefits and coverage, as other choices may be more affordable and offer comparable functionality.
  • Future Developments: Stay abreast of research and technological breakthroughs in prosthetics. Emerging technologies and advances could mean enhanced functionality, comfort, and customization. Keeping an eye on developments will enable you to make the most educated choice.

Conclusion

Choosing the right type of below-knee prosthetic is essential for comfort and mobility. Understanding the different types, such as conventional, endoskeletal, and microprocessor-controlled options, can help you find the best fit for your lifestyle. Factors like activity level, lifestyle needs, and budget play a significant role in making the right choice.

Moreover, knowing the components, such as the socket, suspension system, and prosthetic foot, is important for selecting a prosthesis that meets your functional requirements. Stay updated on future prosthetic developments to ensure you benefit from the latest advancements and technologies. You can contact Celerity Prosthetics to select the right type of prosthetic leg below the knee.